Chapter 13 — Structural Organisation of Animals: Multiple Choice Questions
1. The type of tissue that lines body surfaces and forms glands is ______.
Answer
(a) Connective tissue (b) Muscle tissue (c) Epithelial tissue (d) Nervous tissue
✅ Answer: (c) Epithelial tissue
ExplanationEpithelial tissue covers body surfaces (skin), lines internal cavities (intestine, lungs, blood vessels), and forms glands (salivary glands, sweat glands). Functions: protection, secretion, absorption, and sensation.
2. Blood is a type of ______ tissue.
Answer
(a) Epithelial (b) Muscle (c) Nervous (d) Connective
✅ Answer: (d) Connective
ExplanationConnective tissue connects, supports, and binds other tissues. Types include: bone (hard support), cartilage (flexible support), blood (liquid connective tissue for transport), adipose (fat storage), and tendons/ligaments. Blood is a special fluid connective tissue.
3. The muscle tissue under voluntary control is ______.
Answer
(a) Smooth muscle (b) Cardiac muscle (c) Skeletal (striated) muscle (d) Involuntary muscle
✅ Answer: (c) Skeletal (striated) muscle
Explanation
- Skeletal (striated) muscle: Voluntary, attached to bones, has cross striations, multinucleated. Example: biceps, triceps
- Smooth muscle: Involuntary, found in internal organs (gut, blood vessels), no striations
- Cardiac muscle: Involuntary, heart only, has striations, intercalated discs
4. Neurons are cells of ______ tissue.
Answer
(a) Epithelial (b) Connective (c) Muscle (d) Nervous
✅ Answer: (d) Nervous
ExplanationNervous tissue is made of neurons (nerve cells) and glial cells. Neurons receive, process, and transmit electrical signals. A neuron has a cell body, dendrites (receive signals), and axon (transmit signals). Nervous tissue forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
5. The longest cells in the human body are ______.
Answer
(a) Muscle cells (b) Nerve cells (neurons) (c) Red blood cells (d) Epithelial cells
✅ Answer: (b) Nerve cells (neurons)
ExplanationNerve cells (neurons) are the longest cells in the body. Some motor neurons in the sciatic nerve can be over 1 metre long (from the spinal cord to the foot). This extraordinary length allows rapid signal transmission over long distances.
6. Cartilage is a type of ______.
Answer
(a) Epithelial tissue (b) Connective tissue (c) Nervous tissue (d) Muscular tissue
✅ Answer: (b) Connective tissue
ExplanationCartilage is a flexible connective tissue. It lacks blood vessels (avascular). Found in: nose, ear pinna, trachea rings, larynx, intervertebral discs, ends of bones (articular cartilage), and the embryonic skeleton. Made of chondrocytes embedded in a matrix (chondrin).
7. Tendons connect ______.
Answer
(a) Bone to bone (b) Muscle to bone (c) Muscle to muscle (d) Cartilage to bone
✅ Answer: (b) Muscle to bone
Explanation
- Tendons: Connect muscle to bone; made of dense connective tissue (collagen fibres); non-elastic
- Ligaments: Connect bone to bone; elastic connective tissue; hold joints together
- Example: Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone
8. The organ level of organisation is found in ______.
Answer
(a) Porifera (sponges) (b) Platyhelminthes (flatworms) (c) Coelenterata (cnidarians) (d) Protozoa
✅ Answer: (b) Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
ExplanationLevels of organisation in animals:
- Cellular: Porifera (sponges) — no tissues
- Tissue: Coelenterata — 2 tissue layers (ectoderm, endoderm)
- Organ: Platyhelminthes — distinct organs
- Organ system: Most higher animals — several organ systems
9. The type of epithelium found in the respiratory tract to sweep out dust and bacteria is ______.
Answer
(a) Squamous epithelium (b) Ciliated epithelium (c) Columnar epithelium (d) Cuboidal epithelium
✅ Answer: (b) Ciliated epithelium
ExplanationCiliated epithelium has hair-like projections (cilia) that beat rhythmically to move substances. In the respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi), cilia sweep mucus (with trapped dust and bacteria) toward the throat. Also found in fallopian tubes to move eggs.
10. Which of the following is an example of an organ system?
Answer
(a) Heart (b) Liver (c) Digestive system (d) Neuron
✅ Answer: (c) Digestive system
ExplanationLevels: Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.
- Cell: Neuron, muscle cell
- Tissue: Muscle tissue, nerve tissue
- Organ: Heart, liver, brain
- Organ System: Digestive system (mouth + oesophagus + stomach + intestines + liver + pancreas), Nervous system, etc.
Quick Revision — Animal Tissues
| Tissue | Types | Function |
|---|
| Epithelial | Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, ciliated | Protection, secretion, absorption |
| Connective | Blood, bone, cartilage, adipose, tendons | Support, transport, binding |
| Muscular | Skeletal, smooth, cardiac | Movement |
| Nervous | Neurons, glial cells | Impulse conduction, coordination |
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