Exercise Solutions Available
Step-by-step answers for all textbook questions in this chapter
Historical Timelines
Independence Movement Timeline
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1526 | First Battle of Panipat — Babur defeats Ibrahim Lodi |
| 1857 | First War of Independence (Sepoy Mutiny) |
| 1858 | British Crown takes direct control from East India Company |
| 1885 | Indian National Congress founded in Bombay |
| 1905 | Partition of Bengal; Swadeshi Movement begins |
| 1906 | Muslim League founded |
| 1907 | Congress splits into Moderates and Extremists (Surat Split) |
| 1915 | Gandhi returns to India from South Africa |
| 1919 | Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13 April, Amritsar) |
| 1920 | Non-Cooperation Movement launched |
| 1922 | Chauri Chaura incident; Non-Cooperation called off |
| 1928 | Simon Commission opposed; Nehru Report |
| 1930 | Dandi March (12 March–5 April); Civil Disobedience Movement |
| 1931 | Gandhi–Irwin Pact |
| 1935 | Government of India Act |
| 1942 | Quit India Movement (8 August); "Do or Die" |
| 1946 | Cabinet Mission Plan |
| 1947 | India gains Independence (15 August) |
| 1950 | Constitution of India comes into force (26 January) |
Mughal Empire Timeline
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1526 | Babur wins First Battle of Panipat |
| 1530 | Babur dies; Humayun becomes emperor |
| 1540 | Humayun defeated by Sher Shah Suri |
| 1555 | Humayun regains Delhi |
| 1556 | Akbar becomes emperor; Second Battle of Panipat |
| 1571 | Akbar builds Fatehpur Sikri as new capital |
| 1605 | Akbar dies; Jahangir becomes emperor |
| 1628 | Shah Jahan becomes emperor |
| 1632 | Construction of Taj Mahal begins |
| 1648 | Red Fort completed |
| 1658 | Aurangzeb becomes emperor |
| 1707 | Aurangzeb dies; Mughal decline begins |
Reform Movements Timeline
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1828 | Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy |
| 1829 | Sati abolished by British law (Regulation XVII) |
| 1856 | Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act |
| 1875 | Arya Samaj founded; Aligarh College established |
| 1873 | Satyashodhak Samaj founded by Jyotirao Phule |
| 1897 | Ramakrishna Mission founded by Vivekananda |
| 1925 | Self-Respect Movement founded by Periyar |
Map Points
Mughal Architecture Locations
- Agra — Taj Mahal, Agra Fort
- Delhi — Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Humayun's Tomb
- Fatehpur Sikri — Akbar's capital (near Agra)
- Aurangabad — Bibi Ka Maqbara
Independence Movement Locations
- Bombay (Mumbai) — INC founded (1885); Quit India Movement (1942)
- Amritsar (Punjab) — Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919)
- Dandi (Gujarat) — Salt March ends here (1930)
- Chauri Chaura (UP) — Police station burned; Non-Cooperation called off (1922)
- Delhi — Capital; Red Fort address on Independence Day
Geography Map Points
- Western Ghats — Receive heavy rainfall from South-West monsoon (windward side)
- Tamil Nadu coast — Receives heavy rain from North-East monsoon (retreating monsoon)
- Mettur Dam — River Cauvery, Tamil Nadu
- Poondi Reservoir — Supplies water to Chennai
Important Numbers to Memorise
| Fact | Number |
|---|---|
| Lok Sabha seats | 543 |
| Rajya Sabha seats | 245 |
| Tamil Nadu Vidhan Sabha seats | 234 |
| Nitrogen in atmosphere | 78% |
| Oxygen in atmosphere | 21% |
| Saltwater on Earth | 97.5% |
| Freshwater on Earth | 2.5% |
| Normal lapse rate | 6.5°C per 1000 m |
| Golden Hour (first aid) | 60 minutes |
| Tamil Nadu districts | 38 |
Frequently Asked Questions
Focus on: locations of Dandi March, Jallianwala Bagh (Amritsar), Mughal capitals (Agra, Delhi, Fatehpur Sikri), Indian rivers, and Tamil Nadu districts and rivers.