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Industries Exercise Solutions | KalviGavani

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Industries exercise solutions with MCQs, fill in blanks, true or false, match the following, short and detailed answers, common mistakes, and exam checklist.

Updated 12 June 202614 min read

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Step-by-step answers for all textbook questions in this chapter

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How to Use This Page

Attempt each question on your own first, then compare with the solutions below. Understanding the reasoning is more important than memorising the answer. Use the Key Concepts table for quick revision before your exam.

Key Concepts (Quick Recap)

TermDefinition
IndustryConverts raw materials into finished goods through manufacturing processes
Agro-based industriesUse agricultural raw materials — cotton textiles, jute, sugar, tea
Mineral-based industriesUse mineral ores — iron and steel, cement, aluminium
Forest-based industriesUse forest products — paper, lac, matchsticks
Marine-based industriesUse sea products — fish processing, sea salt
Large-scale industriesHuge capital investment, large workforce, heavy machinery (TISCO, BHEL, SAIL)
Small-scale industriesLimited capital, fewer workers, smaller premises
Cottage/Village industriesHome-based, traditional skills, simple tools, local raw materials
Public sectorGovernment-owned enterprises (SAIL, BHEL, NTPC)
Private sectorPrivately owned enterprises (Tata, Reliance, Infosys)
Joint sectorBoth government and private entities share ownership (Oil India Ltd.)
Cooperative sectorOwned collectively by producers/consumers (AMUL, Lijjat Papad)
Chota Nagpur PlateauLargest iron and steel producing region in India
TISCOTata Iron and Steel Company, established 1907 at Jamshedpur
"Manchester of India"Ahmedabad — famous for cotton textiles
"Cottonpolis of India"Mumbai — largest concentration of cotton mills
"Silicon Valley of India"Bengaluru — leading IT hub

I. Choose the Best Answer (MCQs)

Q1. Which type of industry uses agricultural products as raw materials?

  • a) Mineral-based   b) Agro-based   c) Forest-based   d) Marine-based

Agro-based industries process agricultural raw materials such as cotton, jute, sugarcane, and tea.

Q2. The Chota Nagpur Plateau is famous for which industry?

  • a) Cotton textile   b) Information Technology   c) Iron and Steel   d) Sugar

The Chota Nagpur Plateau region has abundant iron ore, coal, and manganese, making it ideal for iron and steel plants.

Q3. Which of the following is a small-scale industry?

  • a) TISCO   b) BHEL   c) Handloom weaving   d) SAIL

Handloom weaving uses limited capital and fewer workers, making it a small-scale or cottage industry.

Q4. Which city is known as the "Manchester of India"?

  • a) Mumbai   b) Ahmedabad   c) Chennai   d) Kolkata

Ahmedabad is called the "Manchester of India" because of its large concentration of cotton textile mills.

Q5. Which of the following is a public sector industry?

  • a) Tata Motors   b) Reliance Industries   c) SAIL   d) Infosys

SAIL (Steel Authority of India Limited) is a government-owned public sector enterprise.

Q6. Which is the most important factor for the location of the iron and steel industry?

  • a) Market   b) Labour   c) Raw materials   d) Climate

Iron and steel plants are located near sources of iron ore, coal, and limestone to minimise transport costs.

Q7. Bengaluru is known as the ______ of India.

  • a) Cottonpolis   b) Manchester   c) Silicon Valley   d) Steel City

Bengaluru is called the "Silicon Valley of India" due to its large concentration of IT companies.

Q8. Which industry is classified as forest-based?

  • a) Cement   b) Jute   c) Paper   d) Aluminium

Paper industry uses wood pulp from forests as its raw material, making it a forest-based industry.

Q9. TISCO was established at Jamshedpur in the year

  • a) 1947   b) 1956   c) 1907   d) 1919

Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was set up at Jamshedpur (then Sakchi) in 1907.

Q10. Which of the following is NOT a major industrial region of India?

  • a) Mumbai-Pune   b) Kolkata-Hugli   c) Thar Desert   d) Chota Nagpur Plateau

The Thar Desert lacks raw materials, water, and infrastructure required for large-scale industries.

Q11. The cotton textile industry is an example of:

  • a) Mineral-based industry   b) Agro-based industry   c) Forest-based industry   d) Marine-based industry

Cotton textile uses agricultural raw material (cotton), making it an agro-based industry.

Q12. AMUL is an example of which sector?

  • a) Public sector   b) Private sector   c) Joint sector   d) Cooperative sector

AMUL is a cooperative sector enterprise owned and operated by dairy farmers collectively.

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. Agro-based industries use agricultural products as raw materials. 2. The city of Ahmedabad is known as the "Manchester of India." 3. TISCO was the first large-scale iron and steel plant established in India at Jamshedpur. 4. Industries are classified into public, private, joint, and cooperative sectors based on ownership. 5. Bengaluru is called the "Silicon Valley of India" for its IT industry. 6. The availability of raw materials is the primary factor for locating the iron and steel industry. 7. Cottage industries are run by family members at home with simple tools. 8. Mineral-based industries use mineral ores as raw materials, e.g., iron and steel, cement. 9. The Chota Nagpur Plateau is the largest iron and steel producing region in India. 10. Mumbai is known as the "Cottonpolis of India." 11. The cotton textile industry is the oldest organised industry in India. 12. SAIL is a public sector steel enterprise.

III. True or False

1. Agro-based industries use minerals as raw materials.
AnswerFalse (Agro-based industries use agricultural products; mineral-based industries use mineral ores.) 2. The Chota Nagpur Plateau is ideal for iron and steel plants because of its rich mineral deposits. — True 3. Cottage industries require huge capital investment. — False (Cottage industries require very little capital and are run by family members with simple tools.) 4. Bengaluru is the leading centre of the IT industry in India. — True 5. Public sector industries are owned by private individuals. — False (Public sector industries are owned and managed by the government.) 6. Transport facilities are an important factor in the location of industries. — True 7. Sugar industry is a mineral-based industry. — False (Sugar industry uses sugarcane, an agricultural product, so it is agro-based.) 8. The Mumbai-Pune region is one of the major industrial regions of India. — True 9. Large-scale industries employ a small number of workers. — False (Large-scale industries employ a large number of workers and use heavy machinery.) 10. Forest-based industries depend on forest products as raw materials. — True 11. Marine-based industries use products from the sea as raw materials. — True 12. The first cotton textile mill was established in Ahmedabad. — False (The first cotton textile mill was established in Bombay in 1854.)

IV. Match the Following

Set A:

No.Column AAnswer
1Agro-based industryc) Cotton textile
2Mineral-based industryd) Iron and steel
3Forest-based industrye) Paper
4Cottage industryb) Handloom weaving
5Public sector industrya) SAIL

Set B:

No.Column AAnswer
1Ahmedabade) Manchester of India
2Jamshedpurd) Iron and steel (TISCO)
3Bengaluruc) Silicon Valley of India
4Mumbaia) Cottonpolis of India
5Bhilaib) Steel plant (public sector)

Set C:

No.Column AAnswer
1Cooperative sectord) AMUL
2Private sectora) Tata Motors
3Joint sectorb) Oil India Limited
4Public sectorc) BHEL

V. Short Answer Questions

Q1. How are industries classified based on raw materials?
Answer

Industries are classified into three types based on raw materials:

A fourth type, marine-based industries, uses sea products — e.g., fish processing, sea salt.

  • Agro-based industries use agricultural products — e.g., cotton textiles, jute, sugar, tea processing.
  • Mineral-based industries use mineral ores — e.g., iron and steel, cement, aluminium.
  • Forest-based industries use forest products — e.g., paper, lac, matchsticks.
Q2. What are the factors affecting the location of an industry?
Answer

The key factors are: 1. Raw materials — Industries need to be close to raw material sources to reduce transport cost. 2. Power — Regular supply of electricity, coal, or gas is essential. 3. Water — Required for processing and cooling. 4. Transport — Good road, rail, and port links are needed to move goods. 5. Labour — Adequate skilled and unskilled workforce must be available. 6. Market — Proximity to buyers reduces distribution costs. 7. Government policies — Subsidies, tax exemptions, and special zones attract industries.

Q3. What are cottage industries? Give two examples.
Answer

Cottage industries are small-scale industries run by family members at home using simple tools and local raw materials. They require very little capital investment. They are part of the traditional village economy and preserve ancestral skills. Examples: handloom weaving, pottery, basket-making, and coir-making.

Q4. Why is the Chota Nagpur Plateau a major industrial region for iron and steel?
Answer

The Chota Nagpur Plateau region (covering Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal) has:

  • Rich deposits of iron ore (from Odisha and Jharkhand)
  • Abundant coal from the Jharia and Raniganj coalfields
  • Limestone, manganese, and other minerals nearby
  • Good rail and road connectivity
  • Adequate water from rivers like the Subarnarekha and Damodar

These factors make it the largest iron and steel producing region in India, with plants at Jamshedpur (TISCO), Bokaro, Rourkela, and Durgapur.

Q5. Name the major industrial regions of India.
Answer

The six major industrial regions of India are: 1. Mumbai-Pune region — Cotton textiles, chemicals, engineering 2. Kolkata-Hugli region — Jute, engineering, cotton textiles 3. Chennai-Bengaluru region — IT, automobiles, electronics 4. Ahmedabad-Vadodara region — Cotton textiles, chemicals 5. Chota Nagpur Plateau region — Iron and steel, heavy engineering 6. Delhi and surrounding region — IT, electronics, consumer goods

VI. Detailed Answer Questions

Q1. Classify industries on the basis of raw materials, size, and ownership with examples.
Answer

Based on Raw Materials:

  • Agro-based — Cotton textiles, jute, sugar, tea, edible oil. Raw materials come from agriculture.
  • Mineral-based — Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, petrochemicals. Raw materials come from mineral ores.
  • Forest-based — Paper, lac, matchsticks, resin. Raw materials come from forest products.
  • Marine-based — Fish processing, sea salt. Raw materials come from the sea.

Based on Size:

  • Large-scale industries — Huge capital investment, large workforce, heavy machinery. Examples: TISCO, BHEL, SAIL.
  • Small-scale industries — Limited capital, fewer workers, smaller premises. Examples: bakery, garment-making, toy units.
  • Cottage/Village industries — Run by family members at home with simple tools and local materials. Examples: handloom weaving, pottery, basket-making.

Based on Ownership:

  • Public sector — Owned and managed by the government. Examples: SAIL, BHEL, NTPC.
  • Private sector — Owned by private individuals or companies. Examples: Tata Motors, Reliance, Infosys.
  • Joint sector — Owned jointly by the government and private entities. Examples: Oil India Limited.
  • Cooperative sector — Owned and operated by producers, suppliers, or consumers collectively. Examples: AMUL, Lijjat Papad, Indian Coffee House.
Q2. Describe the cotton textile industry of India — distribution, factors, and centres.
Answer

The cotton textile industry is the oldest and largest organised industry in India.

Distribution: India has over 2,000 cotton textile mills. Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu are the leading cotton-producing states.

Factors favouring the industry: 1. Raw cotton — India is one of the world's largest cotton producers. 2. Humid climate — Moist air prevents cotton threads from breaking during spinning. 3. Cheap labour — Abundant workforce available at lower wages. 4. Transport — Well-developed rail and port network for moving raw cotton and finished cloth. 5. Market — Large domestic population plus international demand. 6. Power — Hydroelectric and thermal power available.

Major Centres:

  • Mumbai — "Cottonpolis of India"; largest number of mills; nearby cotton-growing areas, port, and humid climate.
  • Ahmedabad — "Manchester of India"; second largest centre; close to cotton-growing areas of Gujarat.
  • Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai — Important centres in Tamil Nadu.
  • Kolkata, Kanpur, Nagpur — Other notable centres.

Challenges: Outdated machinery, competition from synthetic fibres, irregular power supply, and fluctuating cotton prices.

Q3. Write about the Information Technology (IT) industry in India.
Answer

The IT industry is one of India's fastest-growing sectors, contributing significantly to GDP, employment, and exports.

Growth Factors: 1. Skilled workforce — Large pool of English-speaking engineers and graduates. 2. Lower costs — Indian IT services are cost-competitive globally. 3. Government support — STPI (Software Technology Parks of India), tax incentives, and IT policies. 4. Time zone advantage — India's time zone enables 24/7 operations for US and European clients. 5. Infrastructure — Reliable telecom, internet, and IT parks.

Major IT Centres:

  • Bengaluru — "Silicon Valley of India"; largest IT hub with companies like Infosys, Wipro.
  • Hyderabad — "Cyberabad"; major IT and biotech hub.
  • Chennai — Growing IT corridor along Old Mahabalipuram Road (OMR).
  • Pune, Noida, Gurugram — Other emerging IT hubs.

IT Services: Software development, business process outsourcing (BPO), IT consulting, cloud computing, and digital services.

Significance: The IT industry has transformed India's economy, created millions of jobs, and made India a global leader in software services. India is now the world's largest sourcing destination for IT services.

Common Mistakes

1. ❌ Confusing agro-based and mineral-based industries: Cotton textiles use agricultural raw materials (agro-based), while iron and steel use mineral ores (mineral-based). ✅ Agro = agriculture; Mineral = ores. 2. ❌ Mixing up "Manchester of India" and "Cottonpolis of India": Ahmedabad = "Manchester of India"; Mumbai = "Cottonpolis of India." ✅ Both are cotton textile centres but have different nicknames. 3. ❌ Confusing public and private sector industries: SAIL, BHEL, NTPC are government-owned (public); Tata, Reliance, Infosys are private. ✅ Ownership determines classification. 4. ❌ Thinking cottage industries need heavy capital: Cottage industries are home-based with minimal investment and simple tools — the opposite of large-scale industries. ✅ Cottage = small, home-based, minimal capital. 5. ❌ Listing only one factor for industrial location: Exam questions require multiple factors — always mention at least 4-5 (raw materials, power, water, transport, labour, market, government policies). ✅ Always list multiple factors. 6. ❌ Forgetting forest-based and marine-based industries: Students often remember agro-based and mineral-based but skip forest-based (paper, lac) and marine-based (fish processing) in classification answers. ✅ All four types must be mentioned. 7. ❌ Confusing TISCO and first modern steel: TISCO was established in 1907 at Jamshedpur, but the first modern steel production was at Kulti in 1874. ✅ Kulti = first (1874); TISCO = major (1907).

Exam Checklist

  • [ ] Can classify industries by raw material (agro, mineral, forest, marine) with examples
  • [ ] Can classify industries by size (large-scale, small-scale, cottage) with examples
  • [ ] Can classify industries by ownership (public, private, joint, cooperative) with examples
  • [ ] Can list and explain at least 5-6 factors affecting industrial location
  • [ ] Can name and locate the 6 major industrial regions of India on a map
  • [ ] Know why the Chota Nagpur Plateau is the leading iron and steel region
  • [ ] Can describe the cotton textile industry — factors, centres, and challenges
  • [ ] Can explain the growth and significance of the IT industry in India
  • [ ] Remember key nicknames: "Manchester of India" (Ahmedabad), "Cottonpolis" (Mumbai), "Silicon Valley" (Bengaluru)
  • [ ] Can distinguish between TISCO (private, Jamshedpur, 1907) and public sector steel plants (Bhilai, Bokaro, Rourkela, Durgapur)
  • [ ] Know that the cotton textile industry is the oldest organised industry in India
  • [ ] Can explain what marine-based industries are with examples

Internal Links

  • [Class 8 Social Science Guide](/class/8/social)
  • [Weather and Climate — Exercise Solutions](/class/8/social/solutions/weather-and-climate-exercise-solutions)
  • [Rocks and Soils — Exercise Solutions](/class/8/social/solutions/rocks-and-soils-exercise-solutions)
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Frequently Asked Questions

Based on raw materials, industries are classified into agro-based (cotton, jute, sugar), mineral-based (iron and steel, cement), and forest-based (paper, lac).