Health and Hygiene — Exercise Solutions

Comprehensive solutions for TN State Board Class 7 Science Term 1 Chapter 6: Health and Hygiene. Covers MCQs, fill in the blanks, true/false, match the following, analogy, assertion-reason, very short answers, short answers, detailed answers, and HOTS.

I. Choose the Appropriate Answer (MCQ)

Q1. Ravi has a sound mind and physically fit body. It refers to ___

(a) Disease (b) Health ✓ (c) Hygiene (d) None

Q2. Sleep is not only good for our body, but it is also good for ___

(a) Heart (b) Eyes (c) Mind ✓ (d) Skin

Q3. Our living place should be ___

(a) Dirty (b) Beautiful (c) Clean ✓ (d) None

Q4. Tobacco chewing causes ___

(a) Mouth ulcer (b) Periodontitis ✓ (c) Anaemia (d) None

Q5. The first aid is to ___

(a) Cure the disease (b) Prevent infection (c) Admit the patient (d) Relieve the pain ✓

Additional MCQs

Q6 (Additional). Anorexia means ___

(a) Fever (b) Headache (c) Body pain (d) Loss of appetite ✓

Q7 (Additional). Drinking boiled water can prevent ___

(a) Rabies (b) Tuberculosis (c) Cholera ✓ (d) Anaemia

Q8 (Additional). High fever is a symptom of ___

(a) Common cold (b) Typhoid ✓ (c) Headache (d) Anaemia

Q9 (Additional). ___ is a non-communicable disease.

(a) Tuberculosis (b) Cholera (c) Rheumatism ✓ (d) Hepatitis

Q10 (Additional). Intake of ___ can help prevent Anaemia.

(a) Cod liver oil tablet ✓ (b) Apple (c) Lemon (d) Orange

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. A group of people living together in a particular area is called Community. 2. "I am green colour box with garbage. Who am I?" — Bio-degradable dust bin. 3. Eyes are considered as windows to the world. 4. The hair follicles produce oil which keeps the hair smooth. 5. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculae.

Additional Fill in the Blanks

6. Dengue causes decrease in number of Platelets in blood. 7. Leucoderma is a non-communicable disease caused by loss of pigmentation in the skin. 8. The pigment present in our skin is Melanin. 9. Extreme fear for water is called Hydrophobia. 10. BCG vaccine prevents Tuberculosis.

III. True or False (with corrections)

Q1. All food should be covered.

True. Covering food prevents contamination by flies, dust, and bacteria.

Q2. Chicken pox is also known as Leucoderma.

False. Chicken pox is also known as Varicella. Leucoderma is a different condition (loss of skin pigmentation).

Q3. Stomach ulcer is a non-communicable disease.

True. Stomach ulcers are not transmitted from person to person.

Q4. Rabies is a fatal disease.

True. Rabies, once symptoms appear, is almost always fatal if not treated promptly.

Q5. First-degree burns damage the whole skin.

False. First-degree burns affect only the outer layer (epidermis) of the skin. Third-degree burns damage the full depth of skin.

Additional True/False

Q6. Rabies can be caused by the bite of monkeys.

True. Rabies can be transmitted by bites from infected dogs, cats, monkeys, and rabbits.

Q7. We must eat a lot of carrots to prevent eye diseases.

True. Carrots are rich in Vitamin A which is essential for good vision.

Q8. Chronic cough is a symptom of Typhoid.

False. Chronic cough is a symptom of Tuberculosis. Typhoid causes high fever and abdominal symptoms.

Q9. Raju drank water at a fair and was affected by Dengue.

False. Dengue is not a water-borne disease; it is transmitted by mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti).

Q10. Burn injuries can be fatal.

True. Severe burns can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.

Q11. Alcoholism is a communicable disease.

False. Alcoholism is a non-communicable disease. It cannot spread from person to person.

IV. Match the Following

Set 1:

Set 2 (Additional):

Set 3 (Additional):

V. Analogies

Q1. First-degree burn : Epidermis :: Second-degree burn : Dermis

Q2. Typhoid : Bacteria :: Hepatitis : Virus

Q3. Tuberculosis : Air :: Cholera : Water

VI. Assertion and Reason

Q1. Assertion: Oral hygiene is good. Reason: Sound teeth and healthy gums with healthy surrounding tissues.

Q2. Assertion: Chicken pox is a viral communicable disease. Reason: Characterized by rashes on the whole body, fever, headache, and tiredness.

Q3. Assertion: We must offer first aid to a bleeding person. Reason: We must not use gloves while helping them.

Q4 (Additional). Assertion: Antibiotics do not help cure communicable diseases. Reason: They are caused by microbes.

VII. Very Short Answer Questions

Q1. What is hygiene?

Hygiene refers to good habits and practices followed to prevent disease and maintain good health, especially through cleanliness, consumption of safe drinking water, and proper disposal of sewage. It encompasses all activities done for improving and maintaining good health and a sound mind.

Q2. Write about the right way to protect the eyes.

• Do not rub the eyes
• Do not watch TV or computer for a long time continuously
• Use cold water for cleaning the eyes
• Eat carrots rich in Vitamin A for good vision
• Regularly consume fruits like oranges and sweet lemons

Q3. How to keep your hair clean and healthy?

Regular hair washing and scalp massage remove dead skin cells, excess oil, and dust. Rinsing hair thoroughly with clear water and using a wide-toothed comb for hair dressing are essential.

Q4. Sobi frequently plays with her mobile — suggest ideas to protect her eyes from irritation.

• Stop prolonged mobile use
• Maintain distance between the mobile and eyes
• Wash eyes with cold water at regular intervals

Q5. Give two communicable diseases that spread locally during monsoon.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — both spread through contaminated water during monsoons.

Q6. What first aid will you provide for bruises?

Bruises are surface scratches that do not penetrate lower tissues. The affected area should be washed with cold running water and cleaned with an antiseptic cream.

Q7. Ravi said "Ganga had a minor burn, so I washed with water." Do you agree?

Yes — in cases of minor burns, the affected area should be washed with cold water. For severe burns, deeper tissue layers are destroyed and blisters appear; in those cases, water should not be applied directly.

Additional Very Short Answers

Q8. Name some diseases affecting teeth.

Bleeding gums, tooth decay, and periodontitis.

Q9. List two measures to maintain community hygiene.

• Surroundings should be kept clean
• Drains should be covered properly

Q10. Name two diseases preventable by vaccination.

Polio and Tuberculosis.

Q11. Name diseases caused by lack of trace elements.

Anaemia (iron deficiency), Pellagra (niacin/B3 deficiency), Night blindness (Vitamin A deficiency), Xerophthalmia, Goiter (iodine deficiency), and Hypothyroidism.

Q12. What is a vaccine?

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. Vaccines like BCG, Polio, and MMR are given in early childhood to protect from diseases.

Q13. How can we prevent fatality in rabies?

Timely vaccination before the onset of symptoms can prevent fatality in rabies cases.

VIII. Short Answer Questions

Q1. Why is first aid essential?

First aid is the immediate treatment given to a trauma victim or suddenly ill person before medical help arrives. Its purposes are: 1. To save life 2. To prevent further bleeding and determine the patient's condition 3. To relieve pain 4. To ensure medical care is provided at the earliest

Q2. Distinguish between communicable and non-communicable diseases.

Q3. What steps will you follow to keep teeth healthy?

1. Brush twice a day to prevent tartar and plaque buildup 2. Floss to remove food particles, plaque, and bacteria between teeth 3. Eat a well-balanced diet 4. Avoid habits like chewing tobacco (which causes periodontitis) 5. Visit a dentist regularly

Q4. Name the modes of transmission of communicable diseases.

1. Food and water-borne — e.g., Cholera, Typhoid 2. Air-borne — e.g., Tuberculosis, Common cold 3. Insect/animal-borne — e.g., Malaria, Rabies, Dengue

Q5. Hair is thin, sparse, and lost very often. Suggest ideas to reduce this problem.

• Regular hair wash and scalp massage to remove dead cells, oil, and dust
• Rinsing with clear water and using a wide-toothed comb
• Eating a balanced diet rich in nutrients (especially iron and protein)
• Applying oil and massaging the scalp regularly
• Minimizing use of chemical products like dyes and harsh shampoos

Q6 (Additional). Write a note on non-communicable diseases.

These do not spread from person to person. Antibiotics do not cure them. Three categories:

1. Body part wear — Rheumatism, heart attack, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, cataract, cancer 2. External harmful agents — Allergies, asthma, poisons, snakebite, smoking-related cough, stomach ulcer, alcoholism 3. Lack of trace elements — Anaemia, pellagra, night blindness, xerophthalmia, goiter, hypothyroidism

Q7 (Additional). Write a note on Chicken Pox.

Chicken pox (varicella) is a highly contagious infection caused by the varicella zoster virus. It spreads through air and contact with infected persons. Symptoms include rashes across the whole body, fever, headache, and tiredness. The varicella vaccine is the best preventive measure. Special attention should be given to infected individuals.

Q8 (Additional). Write a note on Rabies.

Rabies is a fatal disease transmitted by bites from infected dogs, rabbits, monkeys, or cats. The virus in the animal's saliva enters the brain via neurons. Symptoms include hydrophobia (extreme fear of water), fever lasting 2–12 weeks, and behavioral exaggerations. It is difficult to detect early; symptoms may appear 2 weeks to 2 years after a bite. Fatality can be prevented through timely vaccination before symptom onset.

Q9 (Additional). We should use a handkerchief when we sneeze — justify.

When suffering from a cold, viruses are expelled via droplets into the air during sneezing, potentially infecting healthy individuals nearby. Using a handkerchief prevents this airborne spread of infection.

Q10 (Additional). What can we do to maintain personal hygiene?

• Brush teeth at least twice daily
• Shower daily
• Wash hair regularly
• Wash face and hands frequently
• Keep food covered with a lid
• Wear clean, washed clothes
• Wear slippers when going out
• Store drinking water in a clean, safe place

IX. Detailed Answer Questions

Q1. Write about any three communicable diseases in detail.

Tuberculosis

• Caused by: Mycobacterium tuberculae
• Transmission: Through air via spitting and prolonged contact with patient's shared materials
• Symptoms: Fever, weight loss, chronic cough, blood spitting, breathing difficulty
• Prevention: BCG vaccination, special attention to patients, regular DOT medication

Cholera

• Caused by: Vibrio cholerae
• Transmission: Through consumption of contaminated food or water
• Symptoms: Vomiting, severe diarrhoea, leg cramps
• Prevention: Drink boiled water, wash hands before eating, avoid uncovered food

Hepatitis

• Caused by: Hepatitis Virus A, B, C, D, E — one of the most dangerous and fatal diseases
• Transmission: Contaminated water, shared needles, blood transfusion
• Symptoms: Loss of appetite (anorexia), vomiting, yellow eyes and urine
• Prevention: Drink boiled water, proper hand washing

Q2. List situations requiring first aid. What would you do for skin burns?

Burns are tissue damage caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or nuclear radiation. Most burns result from scalds, building fires, and flammable liquids/gases.

Three types of burns:

1. First-degree burns — Affect only the epidermis (outer skin layer). Redness and mild pain. 2. Second-degree burns — Damage both epidermis and dermis. Blisters and severe pain. 3. Third-degree burns — Destroy the full depth of skin and underlying tissues. Often requires skin grafting.

First Aid for Burns:

• Minor burns: Wash the affected area with cold water and apply antiseptic cream.
• Severe burns: Do NOT apply water to severe burns with blisters. Cover the burnt area with a clean, non-sticking cloth or bandages.
• Large burns require immediate medical attention.
• A fire extinguisher should always be kept readily available.

Q3. How are diseases transmitted from one person to another?

Communicable diseases spread from person to person through contaminated air, water, food, or vectors (insects and other animals). Disease-causing microbes such as bacteria and viruses are found in contaminated food, water, and air. Some parasites (like the malarial parasite) complete their life cycle inside mosquitoes.

Air, food, water, and sweat act as transmission media from infected to healthy individuals.

Q4. List eye diseases, their causative agents, impacts, and remedial measures.

X. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

Q1. A person sleeping during daytime — why does this happen?

Many people feel tired and lack energy for daily activities, tending to sleep at work or in class. The common reason is Anaemia. Anaemic individuals have fewer red blood cells. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which carries oxygen to all body cells. With fewer RBCs, oxygen supply slows down, reducing energy production in cells, causing persistent tiredness and sleepiness. This condition results from iron deficiency in the diet. Prevention: Eat iron-rich foods.

Q2. Richa had a pet dog vaccinated regularly. It suddenly bit a stranger. Could the person get Rabies?

No — since the dog was vaccinated regularly, there is no chance of the person contracting Rabies. However, the person should still seek medical advice for proper treatment and wound care.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

1. Confusing communicable and non-communicable diseases — Communicable diseases spread between people (TB, Cholera); non-communicable diseases do not (Goiter, Night blindness). 2. Saying chicken pox is the same as leucoderma — Chicken pox (Varicella) is a viral communicable disease with rashes; Leucoderma is a non-communicable skin condition with loss of pigmentation. 3. Applying water to severe (third-degree) burns — For minor burns, cold water is correct. For severe burns with blisters, do NOT apply water — cover with clean cloth and seek medical help. 4. Confusing dengue with water-borne diseases — Dengue is mosquito-borne, NOT water-borne. Drinking contaminated water causes cholera/typhoid, not dengue. 5. Saying antibiotics cure all communicable diseases — Antibiotics are effective against bacterial diseases (TB, Cholera) but NOT against viral diseases (Chicken pox, Hepatitis). 6. Forgetting to use gloves during first aid — Always use gloves when treating a bleeding person to prevent infection transmission. 7. Confusing first-degree and third-degree burns — First-degree burns affect only the epidermis; third-degree burns destroy full skin depth and underlying tissues.

Exam Checklist

• [ ] Can define health and hygiene
• [ ] Can distinguish communicable and non-communicable diseases with examples
• [ ] Can name the three types of burns and describe first aid for each
• [ ] Can explain modes of disease transmission (air, water, food, vectors)
• [ ] Can describe Tuberculosis, Cholera, and Hepatitis in detail
• [ ] Can list personal hygiene practices
• [ ] Can explain dental hygiene practices
• [ ] Can describe eye care practices and common eye diseases
• [ ] Know the causes and prevention of Anaemia
• [ ] Can explain first aid procedures for bruises and burns
• [ ] Can describe Rabies and its prevention
• [ ] Can explain non-communicable diseases and their categories