How to Use This Practice Set
35 minutes for 50 questions. Science questions in Group 1 test application — not just recall. Read the reasoning carefully even for questions you answer correctly.
Set 1 — Physics & Chemistry (15 Questions)
1. Newton's Second Law of Motion states:
- a) Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
- b) An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an external force
- c) Force = Mass × Acceleration (F = ma) ✓
- d) Momentum is conserved in a closed system
2. The phenomenon of light bending as it passes from one medium to another is called:
- a) Reflection
- b) Refraction ✓
- c) Diffraction
- d) Dispersion
3. Which of the following is a correct statement about the greenhouse effect?
- a) It is entirely harmful and should be eliminated
- b) The natural greenhouse effect maintains Earth's temperature; enhanced greenhouse effect (due to human CO₂) causes global warming ✓
- c) The greenhouse effect is caused only by CO₂
- d) The greenhouse effect affects only polar regions
4. The SI unit of electric current is:
- a) Volt
- b) Watt
- c) Ampere ✓
- d) Ohm
5. Radioactivity was discovered by:
- a) Marie Curie
- b) Henri Becquerel ✓
- c) Ernest Rutherford
- d) Wilhelm Röntgen
Becquerel discovered radioactivity (1896) through uranium salt experiments. Marie Curie later isolated polonium and radium and coined the term "radioactivity."
6. The "ozone hole" is primarily caused by:
- a) Carbon dioxide emissions
- b) Methane from landfills
- c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) releasing chlorine atoms that destroy ozone ✓
- d) Sulfur dioxide from volcanic eruptions
7. Which element has the highest electrical conductivity?
- a) Gold
- b) Copper
- c) Aluminium
- d) Silver ✓
Conductivity order: Silver > Copper > Gold > Aluminium. Copper is most used commercially due to cost.
8. pH of 7 indicates:
- a) Acidic solution
- b) Basic (alkaline) solution
- c) Neutral solution ✓
- d) pH of 7 indicates an acid with low concentration
9. Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed by:
- a) Erosion of limestone by underground rivers
- b) Precipitation of calcium carbonate from dripping water (Ca(HCO₃)₂ → CaCO₃) ✓
- c) Volcanic activity underground
- d) Accumulation of silica deposits
10. The process of converting iron to steel involves:
- a) Adding carbon to molten iron
- b) Removing excess carbon from pig iron to get a controlled carbon content ✓
- c) Mixing iron with aluminium
- d) Cooling molten iron rapidly
11. The "Doppler Effect" refers to:
- a) Bending of light near massive objects
- b) Change in intensity of light over distance
- c) Change in frequency/wavelength of a wave due to relative motion between source and observer ✓
- d) Reflection of sound from solid surfaces
12. Photovoltaic cells convert:
- a) Heat energy to electrical energy
- b) Solar (light) energy to electrical energy ✓
- c) Chemical energy to electrical energy
- d) Nuclear energy to electrical energy
13. The rate of nuclear decay is characterised by "half-life." If a radioactive substance has a half-life of 10 years and you start with 80g, how much remains after 30 years?
- a) 20g
- b) 10g
- c) 10g ✓
- d) 5g
30 years = 3 half-lives. 80g → 40g → 20g → 10g. After 3 half-lives, 1/8 of original remains.
14. The phenomenon where a solid directly converts to gas without passing through the liquid state is called:
- a) Evaporation
- b) Vaporisation
- c) Sublimation ✓
- d) Condensation
Examples: Dry ice (CO₂), naphthalene (camphor), iodine crystals — all sublime at atmospheric pressure.
15. Optical fibre works on the principle of:
- a) Normal refraction
- b) Total internal reflection ✓
- c) Diffraction of light
- d) Polarisation of light
Set 2 — Biology, Health & Nutrition (15 Questions)
16. DNA is composed of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of:
- a) A sugar, a phosphate group, and an amino acid
- b) A sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base ✓
- c) A sugar, two phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base
- d) An amino acid, ribose sugar, and a phosphate group
17. The human immune system produces antibodies in response to antigens. This is the basis of:
- a) Antibiotic therapy
- b) Vaccination / immunisation ✓
- c) Chemotherapy
- d) Blood transfusion
18. Which of the following correctly matches a vitamin with its deficiency disease?
- a) Vitamin A — Rickets
- b) Vitamin D — Rickets ✓
- c) Vitamin C — Night blindness
- d) Vitamin B1 — Scurvy
Vitamin D = Rickets; Vitamin A = Night blindness; Vitamin C = Scurvy; Vitamin B1 (thiamine) = Beriberi.
19. The "Central Dogma" of molecular biology is:
- a) Cell → Organism → DNA
- b) DNA → RNA → Protein ✓
- c) Protein → RNA → DNA
- d) DNA → Protein → RNA
20. Blood type (ABO system) is determined by:
- a) Environmental factors only
- b) Blood pressure levels
- c) Inherited antigens on the surface of red blood cells ✓
- d) Haemoglobin levels
21. The WHO declared India polio-free in:
- a) 2005
- b) 2009
- c) 2014 ✓
- d) 2018
22. Which of the following is a VECTOR-BORNE disease?
- a) Tuberculosis
- b) Cholera
- c) COVID-19
- d) Dengue ✓
Vector-borne diseases are spread by insects/animals: Dengue (Aedes mosquito), Malaria (Anopheles mosquito), Plague (rat flea), Kala-azar (sandfly).
23. The Human Genome Project (HGP) was completed in:
- a) 1990 (project launch)
- b) 2000 (draft sequence)
- c) 2003 ✓
- d) 2010
HGP launched 1990, draft sequence 2000, completed April 14, 2003. Mapped all ~3 billion base pairs of human DNA. India participated through CSIR.
24. Bt cotton, India's most controversial genetically modified crop, is modified with genes from:
- a) A fungus
- b) Bacillus thuringiensis (a soil bacterium) ✓
- c) A virus
- d) Another cotton species
25. Which of the following hormones regulates blood sugar levels?
- a) Thyroxine
- b) Adrenaline
- c) Insulin (lowers blood sugar) and Glucagon (raises blood sugar) ✓
- d) Cortisol
26. The COVID-19 vaccines Covishield and Covaxin are based on different technologies. Which is correct?
- a) Both are mRNA vaccines
- b) Covishield = inactivated virus; Covaxin = viral vector
- c) Covishield = viral vector (AstraZeneca/Oxford, manufactured by SII); Covaxin = inactivated whole virus (Bharat Biotech) ✓
- d) Both are protein subunit vaccines
27. The lymphatic system in the human body is responsible for: 1. Returning fluid from tissues to blood 2. Immune defence (lymphocytes, lymph nodes) 3. Absorbing dietary fats from the intestine
Which are correct?
- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) All three ✓
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) 2 and 3 only
28. Which Indian scientist won the Nobel Prize in Medicine/Physiology?
- a) C.V. Raman
- b) Amartya Sen
- c) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
- d) No Indian has won the Nobel Prize in Medicine ✓
C.V. Raman = Physics (1930); Venkatraman Ramakrishnan = Chemistry (2009). No Indian has won the Nobel Prize in Medicine/Physiology as of 2025.
29. CRISPR-Cas9 technology is used for:
- a) Sequencing DNA to read the genetic code
- b) Gene editing — precisely cutting and modifying DNA sequences ✓
- c) Producing proteins from genetic sequences
- d) Diagnosing genetic diseases
30. Antibiotic resistance occurs because:
- a) Antibiotics become weaker over time
- b) Patients develop immunity to antibiotics
- c) Bacteria evolve resistance through natural selection when exposed to antibiotics ✓
- d) Antibiotic manufacturers reduce potency to lower costs
Set 3 — ISRO, Space & Technology (10 Questions)
31. Chandrayaan-3 (2023) successfully landed on the Moon's South Pole region on:
- a) July 14, 2023 (launch date)
- b) August 23, 2023 ✓
- c) September 5, 2023
- d) August 5, 2023
Chandrayaan-3 launched July 14, 2023. Vikram lander soft-landed August 23, 2023 — making India the 4th country to achieve a Moon landing and the FIRST to land near the South Pole.
32. The Aditya-L1 mission (India's first solar observatory) was placed at which Lagrange point?
- a) L2
- b) L3
- c) L1 (between Earth and Sun, ~1.5 million km from Earth) ✓
- d) L4
33. ISRO's Gaganyaan mission aims to:
- a) Land on Mars
- b) Launch a space telescope
- c) Send Indian astronauts (vyomanauts) to Low Earth Orbit ✓
- d) Establish a permanent Moon base
34. India's first satellite, Aryabhata, was launched in:
- a) 1969
- b) 1975 ✓
- c) 1980
- d) 1983
Aryabhata launched April 19, 1975 — on a Soviet rocket from Kapustin Yar, USSR. India's first satellite designed and fabricated indigenously. Named after the ancient mathematician.
35. The PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) is used for:
- a) Geostationary satellite launches only
- b) Human spaceflight missions
- c) Launching satellites into polar and sun-synchronous orbits ✓
- d) Interplanetary missions only
PSLV = India's workhorse rocket; reliable for polar/LEO orbits. GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) = heavier payloads for GEO orbits. LVM3 (GSLV Mk III) = for heavier/human spaceflight.
36. The NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation), India's indigenous GPS system, was declared operational for civilians in:
- a) 2013
- b) 2018 ✓
- c) 2016
- d) 2020
37. India's Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) is significant because: 1. India became the first country to reach Mars on its first attempt 2. It was the least expensive Mars mission (₹450 crore) 3. It was launched in 2013 and reached Mars in 2014
All three statements are correct:
- a) Only 1 and 2
- b) All three are correct ✓
- c) Only 1 and 3
- d) Only 2 and 3
38. The Semi-Cryogenic Engine being developed by ISRO uses:
- a) Liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen
- b) Solid propellants
- c) Liquid oxygen and kerosene (refined) ✓
- d) Hypergolic fuels (ignite on contact)
39. India's semiconductor mission (India Semiconductor Mission) aims to build chip fabs with investment of:
- a) ₹10,000 crore
- b) ₹50,000 crore
- c) ₹76,000 crore ✓
- d) ₹1 lakh crore
40. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) processed approximately how many transactions per month in 2024?
- a) 3 billion
- b) 5 billion
- c) 7 billion
- d) 10+ billion ✓
UPI crossed 10 billion transactions/month in 2023 and continues to grow. India accounts for ~46% of global real-time digital payments.
Set 4 — Computer Science, IT & Environment (10 Questions)
41. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP Act) was passed in:
- a) 2021
- b) 2022
- c) 2023 ✓
- d) 2020
42. Section 66A of the IT Act 2000 was struck down by the Supreme Court in:
- a) 2011 — Shreya Singhal case
- b) 2015 — Shreya Singhal v. Union of India ✓
- c) 2017
- d) 2013
43. The "Dark Web" refers to:
- a) The internet accessible only at night
- b) Encrypted networks not indexed by standard search engines, accessible via special software like Tor ✓
- c) Websites with adult content
- d) Slow internet connections in rural areas
44. Blockchain technology is described as "immutable" because:
- a) It requires government permission to modify
- b) Only the original creator can modify records
- c) Each block is cryptographically linked to the previous block — altering one block would invalidate all subsequent blocks ✓
- d) The data is stored in classified government servers
45. India's IndiaAI Mission (2024) allocated ₹10,300 crore for: 1. Building shared GPU compute infrastructure (10,000 GPUs) 2. AI innovation centres in IITs and IIITs 3. India's own Large Language Model development
Which are correctly included?
- a) 1 only
- b) 1 and 2 ✓
- c) All three
- d) 1, 2 and 3
46. The IT Rules 2021 classify social media intermediaries with more than 50 lakh users as "Significant Social Media Intermediaries." They must appoint which of the following? 1. Chief Compliance Officer 2. Nodal Contact Person 3. Resident Grievance Officer
- a) 1 and 3 only
- b) All three ✓
- c) 1 only
- d) 2 and 3 only
47. "Phishing" in cybersecurity refers to:
- a) Installing malware that encrypts files and demands ransom
- b) Overwhelming a server with traffic to make it crash
- c) Fraudulent emails or messages impersonating trusted entities to steal credentials ✓
- d) Silently monitoring user activity without consent
48. The "Internet of Things" (IoT) refers to:
- a) High-speed internet connectivity for cities
- b) Network of physical devices embedded with sensors and connected to the internet ✓
- c) The global network of academic research computers
- d) Satellite internet connectivity
49. CERT-In (Computer Emergency Response Team — India) functions under:
- a) Ministry of Home Affairs
- b) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) ✓
- c) Intelligence Bureau
- d) NASSCOM
50. The Digital Rupee (e₹) launched by RBI in 2022 is classified as:
- a) Cryptocurrency — decentralised like Bitcoin
- b) Stablecoin — backed by gold
- c) Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) — government-issued and centralised ✓
- d) UPI token — same as UPI transactions
Board Exam Tips — Science & Environment
- Chandrayaan-3 landed August 23, 2023 (South Pole) — first country at South Pole; 4th overall
- India = 1st country to reach Mars on 1st attempt (Mangalyaan 2014)
- COVID vaccines: Covishield = viral vector; Covaxin = inactivated virus
- DNA → RNA → Protein (Central Dogma); CRISPR = gene editing
- Vitamin D = Rickets; Vitamin A = Night blindness; Vitamin C = Scurvy; B1 = Beriberi
- Dengue = Aedes mosquito (vector-borne); Malaria = Anopheles mosquito
- India declared Polio-free = 2014 (WHO certification)
- DPDP Act = 2023; IT Act 66A struck down = 2015 (Shreya Singhal case)
- CERT-In = under MeitY; monitors cybersecurity incidents
- UPI = operated by NPCI; 10+ billion transactions/month (2024)