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Class 11 · CBSE

Trial Balance and Rectification of Errors — NCERT Class 11 Accountancy

Complete NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 11 Accountancy Chapter 11 — all exercise questions on trial balance, types of errors, suspense account, and rectification entries answered clearly.

Updated 11 June 20269 min read

How to Use These Solutions

These NCERT solutions cover every exercise question from CBSE Class 11 Accountancy Chapter 11 — Trial Balance and Rectification of Errors. For the best results:

1. Identify the type of error before attempting the rectification entry 2. Determine which accounts are affected — debit which, credit which 3. Check if a Suspense Account is needed — only when the Trial Balance disagrees 4. Write the narration clearly — the examiner checks the understanding behind the entry 5. Prepare a Suspense Account separately to track the running balance after each rectification

Key Concepts

Before solving the exercises, review these essentials:

  • Trial Balance = list of all ledger balances; total debits must equal total credits
  • Errors disclosed by Trial Balance: partial omission, wrong casting, wrong carry forward, wrong side posting, wrong amount (one account)
  • Errors NOT disclosed by Trial Balance: complete omission, error of principle, compensating errors, posting to wrong account (same side/amount), wrong amount (both accounts)
  • Suspense Account = temporary account for the TB difference; closed as errors are rectified
  • Wrong-side posting = rectification for double the amount (cancel wrong + record correct)
  • Error of principle = transaction in wrong category of account (e.g., asset debited as expense)
  • Compensating errors = two errors that cancel each other; TB still agrees

Intext Questions

Question 1: What is a Trial Balance? State any two of its objectives.
Answer

A Trial Balance is a statement prepared at the end of the accounting period that lists the balances of all ledger accounts — debit balances in one column and credit balances in another.

Two objectives: 1. To check the arithmetical accuracy of the books of accounts 2. To facilitate the preparation of final accounts (Trading A/c, P&L A/c, and Balance Sheet)

Question 2: Give two examples of errors that are not disclosed by a Trial Balance.
Answer

1. Error of complete omission: A credit purchase of Rs 10,000 from Mohan not recorded in any book at all. 2. Error of principle: Purchase of furniture for Rs 20,000 debited to Purchases A/c instead of Furniture A/c.

Question 3: What is a Suspense Account? Why is it opened?
Answer

A Suspense Account is a temporary account opened when the Trial Balance does not agree. The difference between the debit and credit totals is placed in the Suspense Account on the shorter side to make the Trial Balance balance.

It is opened because: 1. The Trial Balance does not agree and final accounts need to be prepared 2. The exact cause of the difference cannot be immediately identified 3. It allows preparation of final accounts without delay while errors are being investigated

Chapter-End Exercise

Exercise 1: Rectify the following errors:

1. Credit purchase of Rs 10,000 from Ravi was not recorded in the Purchases Book. 2. Credit purchase of Rs 8,000 from Mohan was recorded as Rs 800 in the Purchases Book. 3. Cash paid to Suresh Rs 5,000 was not posted to Suresh's account. 4. Cash received from Ramesh Rs 6,000 was posted to the credit of Ramesh as Rs 600. 5. Sales Book was overcast by Rs 2,000.

Solution
1. Credit purchase from Ravi not recorded (Error of Complete Omission):
Answer
DateParticularsL/FDebit RsCredit Rs
Purchases A/c Dr.10,000
To Ravi's A/c10,000
(Being credit purchase from Ravi omitted, now recorded)
2. Credit purchase from Mohan Rs 8,000 recorded as Rs 800 (Error of Commission — Wrong Amount in Subsidiary Book):
Answer

Both Purchases A/c and Mohan's A/c were recorded at Rs 800 instead of Rs 8,000. Short in both accounts = Rs 7,200.

DateParticularsL/FDebit RsCredit Rs
Purchases A/c Dr.7,200
To Mohan's A/c7,200
(Being short recording of credit purchase from Mohan, now corrected)
3. Cash paid to Suresh Rs 5,000 not posted to Suresh's account (Error of Partial Omission):
Answer

Cash A/c was credited (bank/payment side), but Suresh's A/c was not debited.

DateParticularsL/FDebit RsCredit Rs
Suresh's A/c Dr.5,000
To Suspense A/c5,000
(Being cash paid to Suresh not posted to his account, now rectified)
4. Cash received from Ramesh Rs 6,000 posted to credit of Ramesh as Rs 600 (Wrong Side + Wrong Amount):
Answer

Ramesh's A/c should have been credited with Rs 6,000 but was credited with only Rs 600. Short credit = Rs 5,400.

DateParticularsL/FDebit RsCredit Rs
Suspense A/c Dr.5,400
To Ramesh's A/c5,400
(Being short credit of Rs 5,400 to Ramesh, now rectified)
5. Sales Book overcast by Rs 2,000 (Error of Casting):
Answer

Sales A/c (credit side) was inflated by Rs 2,000.

DateParticularsL/FDebit RsCredit Rs
Sales A/c Dr.2,000
To Suspense A/c2,000
(Being overcasting of Sales Book by Rs 2,000, now corrected)

Exercise 2: The Trial Balance of M/s Sharma & Co. showed a difference of Rs 8,000 (debit side short). A Suspense Account was opened. Later, the following errors were discovered. Pass rectification entries and prepare the Suspense Account.

1. Credit purchase of Rs 6,000 from Amit was not posted to Amit's A/c. 2. Cash received from Priya Rs 4,000 was posted to the debit of Priya's A/c. 3. Purchases Book was undercast by Rs 3,000. 4. Goods returned to Raj Rs 2,000 were not posted to Raj's A/c. 5. Salary paid Rs 5,000 was debited to Salary A/c as Rs 500.

Solution
1. Credit purchase from Amit not posted to Amit's A/c (Partial Omission):
Answer

Amit (creditor) should have been credited.

DateParticularsL/FDebit RsCredit Rs
Suspense A/c Dr.6,000
To Amit's A/c6,000
(Being credit purchase from Amit not posted to his account, now rectified)
2. Cash received from Priya Rs 4,000 posted to debit of Priya's A/c (Wrong Side):
Answer

Priya's A/c was debited instead of credited. To correct: credit Priya by Rs 8,000 (Rs 4,000 to cancel wrong debit + Rs 4,000 for the correct credit).

DateParticularsL/FDebit RsCredit Rs
Suspense A/c Dr.8,000
To Priya's A/c8,000
(Being cash received from Priya wrongly debited to her account, now corrected with double effect)
3. Purchases Book undercast by Rs 3,000 (Error of Casting):
Answer

Purchases A/c (debit) is short by Rs 3,000.

DateParticularsL/FDebit RsCredit Rs
Purchases A/c Dr.3,000
To Suspense A/c3,000
(Being undercasting of Purchases Book, now corrected)
4. Goods returned to Raj Rs 2,000 not posted to Raj's A/c (Partial Omission):
Answer

Raj (creditor) should have been debited.

DateParticularsL/FDebit RsCredit Rs
Raj's A/c Dr.2,000
To Suspense A/c2,000
(Being return of goods to Raj not posted, now rectified)
5. Salary paid Rs 5,000 debited as Rs 500 (Error of Commission — Short Debit):
Answer

Salary A/c was debited with Rs 500 instead of Rs 5,000. Short debit = Rs 4,500.

DateParticularsL/FDebit RsCredit Rs
Salary A/c Dr.4,500
To Suspense A/c4,500
(Being short debit of Rs 4,500 in Salary A/c, now corrected)

Suspense Account

ParticularsDebit RsParticularsCredit Rs
To Difference in TB8,000By Purchases A/c3,000
To Amit's A/c6,000By Raj's A/c2,000
To Priya's A/c8,000By Salary A/c4,500
By Balance c/d12,500
Total22,000Total22,000

The Suspense Account still has a credit balance of Rs 12,500, indicating some errors remain undetected. This balance would be shown on the liability side of the Balance Sheet.

Exercise 3: Classify the following errors and state whether each is disclosed by the Trial Balance:

1. Purchase of machinery Rs 25,000 debited to Purchases A/c. 2. Credit sale of Rs 7,000 to Rakesh not recorded in the Sales Book. 3. Cash paid to creditor Rs 3,000 debited to creditor's A/c as Rs 300. 4. Purchases Book overcast by Rs 5,000 and Sales Book undercast by Rs 5,000. 5. Rs 2,000 received from Amit posted to the credit of Sumit's A/c.

Solution
S. No.Type of ErrorDisclosed by TB?Reason
1Error of PrincipleNoMachinery (asset) debited to Purchases (expense) — wrong category, but both sides equal
2Error of Complete OmissionNoTransaction not recorded at all — neither debit nor credit
3Error of Commission (Wrong Amount in one account)YesCreditor debited Rs 300 instead of Rs 3,000 — one side is short by Rs 2,700
4Compensating ErrorsNoOvercasting and undercasting cancel each other — TB still agrees
5Error of Commission (Wrong Account)NoCorrect amount posted to the correct side but wrong account (Amit vs Sumit)

Related Resources

  • [Chapter 11 Guide — Trial Balance and Rectification of Errors](/school/cbse/class/11/accountancy/cbse-trial-balance-rectification)
  • [All Class 11 Accountancy Solutions](/school/cbse/class/11/accountancy/solutions)
  • [Class 11 Accountancy Subject Guide](/school/cbse/class/11/accountancy)

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