Class 11 Home Science — Exercise Solutions
Key Concepts Quick Recap
| Topic | Key Points |
|---|
| Human Development | Prenatal → Infancy → Childhood → Adolescence → Adulthood |
| Macronutrients | Carbs (4 kcal/g), Protein (4 kcal/g), Fat (9 kcal/g) |
| Vitamins | Fat-soluble: A,D,E,K; Water-soluble: B-complex, C |
| Resource Management | Identify needs → Set goals → Plan → Implement → Evaluate |
| Consumer Rights | Right to safety, information, choice, redressal, education |
| BMI | Body Mass Index = weight (kg) / height² (m²); Normal: 18.5–24.9 |
I. Choose the Best Answer (MCQs)
1. Which stage of human development is characterised by puberty? (a) Infancy (b) Early childhood (c) Adolescence (d) Late adulthood
Answer(c) Adolescence Adolescence (12-18 years): rapid physical changes (puberty), secondary sexual characteristics, identity vs role confusion (Erikson's stage 5). Puberty begins: girls ~10-11 years, boys ~12-13 years.
2. Protein is made up of: (a) Fatty acids (b) Glucose units (c) Amino acids (d) Glycerol
Answer(c) Amino acids Proteins: polymers of amino acids. 20 amino acids total; 9 are essential (cannot be synthesised by body, must come from diet). Examples: leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, phenylalanine, histidine.
3. The deficiency of Vitamin D causes: (a) Scurvy (b) Rickets (c) Night blindness (d) Anaemia
Answer(b) Rickets Vitamin D: fat-soluble; essential for calcium absorption → bone mineralisation. Deficiency in children: rickets (soft, bent bones). In adults: osteomalacia. Source: sunlight (skin synthesis), fish liver oil, fortified foods.
4. Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin? (a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin D (c) Vitamin K (d) Vitamin C
Answer(d) Vitamin C Water-soluble vitamins: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and B-complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12). Not stored in body → daily intake needed. Fat-soluble: A, D, E, K — stored in adipose tissue and liver.
5. Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated as: (a) Weight (kg) × Height (m) (b) Weight (kg) / Height² (m²) (c) Height (m) / Weight (kg) (d) Weight (lb) / Height (inches)
Answer(b) Weight (kg) / Height² (m²) BMI classification: Underweight < 18.5; Normal weight 18.5-24.9; Overweight 25-29.9; Obese ≥ 30. BMI is a screening tool but does not directly measure body fat.
6. The right of a consumer to receive accurate information about quality, quantity, and price of goods is called: (a) Right to safety (b) Right to choose (c) Right to be informed (d) Right to redressal
Answer(c) Right to be informed Consumer Rights (Consumer Protection Act 2019): 1. Right to Safety. 2. Right to be Informed. 3. Right to Choose. 4. Right to be Heard. 5. Right to Redressal. 6. Right to Consumer Education.
7. The First Step in the resource management process is: (a) Implementing (b) Evaluating (c) Setting goals (d) Identifying needs and goals
Answer(d) Identifying needs and goals Resource management cycle: 1. Identify needs/goals. 2. Plan (allocate resources). 3. Implement the plan. 4. Evaluate. Resources: human (time, energy, skills, knowledge) and non-human (money, material goods, community facilities).
II. Short Answer Questions
Q1. What is the importance of balanced diet and how is it planned?
Answer
A balanced diet provides all nutrients in appropriate quantities to maintain health, promote growth, and prevent disease.
Planning a balanced diet:
- Include all food groups: cereals (energy), pulses/legumes (protein), vegetables & fruits (vitamins, minerals, fibre), milk & dairy (calcium), fats & oils (small amounts).
- Follow recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for age, sex, physiological status (pregnancy, lactation).
- Consider individual needs: growing children need more protein; pregnant women need more iron, folate; elderly need more calcium.
- Use My Plate model or ICMR Dietary Guidelines for India.
Key: variety (different foods), adequacy (sufficient amounts), balance (no excess or deficit), moderation (limiting added sugar, salt, fat).
Q2. Explain the stages of adolescent development.
Answer
Adolescence spans approximately 12–18 years. Changes across dimensions:
Physical: Rapid growth spurt; development of secondary sexual characteristics (puberty). Girls: breast development, menstruation, wider hips. Boys: voice change, facial hair, testicular development, muscular development.
Cognitive (Piaget's Formal Operational Stage): Abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning, metacognition. Adolescents can think about possibilities, not just concrete realities.
Social-Emotional (Erikson's Stage 5 — Identity vs Role Confusion): Forming a stable sense of self and identity. Peer relationships become primary; parental influence decreases (peer pressure). Risk-taking behaviour may increase.
Nutritional Needs: Increased requirements for energy (growth, activity), protein (muscle development), calcium and iron (especially for girls — menstrual losses), zinc.
Exam Checklist
- Adolescence: 12-18 years; puberty; Erikson's Stage 5 (Identity vs Role Confusion).
- Carbs: 4 kcal/g; Protein: 4 kcal/g; Fat: 9 kcal/g.
- Fat-soluble vitamins: A (night blindness), D (rickets), E (antioxidant), K (clotting).
- Water-soluble: B-complex (coenzymes), C (scurvy).
- BMI = weight (kg) / height² (m²); Normal: 18.5–24.9.
- Consumer Rights: Safety, Information, Choice, Heard, Redressal, Education.
- Resource management: Identify → Plan → Implement → Evaluate.
