Class 12 Psychology — Model Question Paper
| **Time: 3 Hours | Maximum Marks: 70** |
|---|
Part I — 1 Mark Questions (20 × 1 = 20)
Answer all questions. Choose the best answer.
1. The IQ of a gifted child is: a) 70–90 b) 90–110 c) 110–130 d) Above 130
2. Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences was proposed in: a) 1973 b) 1983 c) 1990 d) 2001
3. The concept of "unconditional positive regard" belongs to: a) Freud b) Cattell c) Carl Rogers d) Eysenck
4. The second stage of GAS is: a) Alarm b) Resistance c) Exhaustion d) Recovery
5. OCD stands for: a) Obsessive Conduct Disorder b) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder c) Organised Compulsive Disorder d) Obsessive Control Disorder
6. Systematic desensitisation is used to treat: a) Phobias b) Schizophrenia c) Depression d) Bipolar disorder
7. Who developed Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)? a) Aaron Beck b) Albert Ellis c) Carl Rogers d) B.F. Skinner
8. The affective component of attitude refers to: a) Belief about the object b) Emotional feeling toward the object c) Behaviour toward the object d) Knowledge about the object
9. Asch's experiment demonstrated: a) Conformity b) Obedience c) Social loafing d) Leadership
10. Milgram's experiment was about: a) Conformity b) Obedience to authority c) Group decision-making d) Social facilitation
11. The Rorschach Inkblot Test is a: a) Objective test b) Aptitude test c) Projective test d) Intelligence test
12. Schizophrenia is classified as a: a) Mood disorder b) Anxiety disorder c) Psychotic disorder d) Dissociative disorder
13. ECT is mainly used for treating: a) Severe depression b) Anxiety c) Phobias d) OCD
14. Social loafing refers to: a) Helping others in a group b) Reduced individual effort in a group c) Leadership in groups d) Group decision-making
15. Who proposed the two-factor theory of intelligence? a) Spearman b) Gardner c) Thurstone d) Sternberg
16. The superego represents: a) Pleasure principle b) Reality principle c) Moral principle d) Aggression
17. PTSD is triggered by: a) Traumatic events b) Chemical imbalance c) Genetic factors d) Vitamin deficiency
18. Token economy is a technique used in: a) Psychoanalysis b) Behaviour therapy c) CBT d) Humanistic therapy
19. The fundamental attribution error involves: a) Overestimating situational factors b) Overestimating personality factors c) Equal weight to both d) Ignoring the situation
20. Positive psychology focuses on: a) Treating disorders b) Studying abnormal behaviour c) Strengths, well-being, and flourishing d) Medication management
Part II — 3 Mark Questions (8 × 3 = 24)
Answer any 8 out of 10.
21. Define intelligence. Mention any two types of intelligence according to Gardner.
22. What is a projective test? Give two examples.
23. Explain three defence mechanisms used in psychoanalysis.
24. What is stress? Mention two coping strategies.
25. Differentiate between obsession and compulsion.
26. What is CBT? Mention its two main techniques.
27. Explain the concept of prejudice and any one way to reduce it.
28. Describe social facilitation with an example.
29. What is Type A and Type B personality? (Psychology and Life)
30. Define community psychology. Explain primary prevention.
Part III — 5 Mark Questions (5 × 5 = 25)
Answer any 5 out of 7.
31. Describe Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.
Answer outline: Three sub-theories — Componential (analytical, solving problems), Experiential (creative, using past experience in new situations), Contextual (practical, adapting to real-world environment). Significance: Intelligence is not just IQ — it includes adapting, selecting, and shaping environments.
32. Explain the major symptoms and treatment of schizophrenia.
Answer outline: Positive symptoms — hallucinations (false perceptions), delusions (false beliefs), disorganized speech. Negative symptoms — flat affect, alogia (poverty of speech), avolition (lack of motivation). Treatment: Antipsychotic medication (chlorpromazine) + psychotherapy + rehabilitation + family therapy.
33. What is attitude? Explain the ABC model with examples.
Answer outline: Attitude = learned tendency to evaluate something positively or negatively. A (Affective): "I feel anxious near dogs." B (Behavioural): "I avoid areas with dogs." C (Cognitive): "I believe dogs are dangerous." All three components are usually consistent. Attitude formation: experience, conditioning, social influence.
34. Discuss the types and causes of anxiety disorders.
Answer outline: Types: GAD (excessive uncontrollable worry), Specific phobia, Social anxiety disorder, Panic disorder (sudden intense fear), OCD, PTSD. Causes: genetic predisposition, learned behaviour (classical conditioning), cognitive distortions, brain chemistry (serotonin, GABA imbalance).
35. Compare psychoanalysis and humanistic therapy.
Answer outline: Psychoanalysis (Freud): past-focused, unconscious, therapist-directed, long-term, deterministic. Humanistic (Rogers): present-focused, conscious, client-directed, empathic, growth-oriented. Shared: both are talk therapies, value insight. Different: psychoanalysis sees person as driven by unconscious; humanistic sees person as naturally growth-seeking.
36. Explain the factors influencing obedience.
Answer outline: Milgram's study: 65% gave maximum shock. Factors: (1) Proximity to authority — obeyed more when experimenter was present. (2) Status/legitimacy — Yale University increased obedience. (3) Buffers — physical distance from victim increased obedience. (4) Group support — peer dissent reduced obedience dramatically.
37. Describe the role of psychology in promoting environmental behaviour.
Answer outline: Environmental psychology studies person-environment interaction. Noise, crowding, pollution affect mental health. Pro-environmental behaviour: conservation, recycling. Nudge theory — small cues change behaviour. Community programs + awareness. Psychology helps design spaces that reduce stress (nature, light, space).
Part IV — 10 Mark Questions (2 × 10 = 20)
Answer any 2 out of 3.
38. Explain in detail Milgram's experiment on obedience. What are its ethical and social implications?
Key points: Background (post-WWII), procedure (teacher-learner-experimenter), results (65% max shock), variations, conclusions, ethical concerns (deception, psychological harm), social implications (understanding why people obey harmful authorities).
39. Discuss the major psychological disorders, their classification, and therapeutic approaches.
Key points: DSM-5 classification, Anxiety (types, treatment: CBT, exposure), Mood disorders (depression — antidepressants + CBT; bipolar — lithium + psychoeducation), Psychotic disorders (schizophrenia — antipsychotics + family therapy), Dissociative and somatic disorders. Preventive vs curative approaches.
40. What is attitude? Discuss how attitudes are formed and changed. How can prejudice be reduced in society?
Key points: Attitude definition, ABC model, formation (experience, classical conditioning, modelling, group norms), attitude change — ELM model (central vs peripheral route), prejudice causes (categorisation, scarcity, competition), reduction methods (contact hypothesis, education, empathy training, legislation, superordinate goals).