Class 11 Textiles and Dress Designing — Exercise Solutions
Key Concepts Quick Recap
| Fibre | Source | Best Property | Main Use |
|---|
| Cotton | Seed hair (Gossypium) | Absorbent, breathable | Summer wear, undergarments |
| Silk | Silkworm cocoon (Bombyx mori) | Lustrous, smooth | Sarees, formal wear |
| Wool | Sheep fleece | Warm, resilient | Winter garments |
| Linen | Flax plant stem (bast) | Cool, strong | Summer clothing |
| Polyester | Synthetic (PET) | Durable, wrinkle-free | Sportswear, everyday |
| Nylon | Synthetic (polyamide) | Strong, elastic | Hosiery, sportswear |
| Rayon | Regenerated cellulose | Soft, drapes well | Sarees, dresses |
I. Choose the Best Answer (MCQs)
1. Cotton is best suitable for summer wear because: (a) It has low absorbency (b) It is expensive (c) It has high moisture absorbency and breathability (d) It does not wrinkle
Answer(c) It has high moisture absorbency and breathability Cotton: cellulosic fibre; absorbs 7-8% of its weight in moisture; allows air circulation → sweat wicked away → cooling effect. Ideal for hot, humid Indian climate. Disadvantage: wrinkles easily (unless treated), shrinks if washed in hot water.
2. The natural fibre obtained from the cocoon of a silkworm is: (a) Cotton (b) Silk (c) Linen (d) Jute
Answer(b) Silk Silk: produced by Bombyx mori silkworm from mulberry leaves (sericulture). One cocoon = continuous filament 300-900m long. Lustre from triangular prism-like structure of fibroin protein. Types: Mulberry silk (best), Tussar, Eri, Muga (Assam GI product).
3. The primary colours in colour theory are: (a) Green, orange, and purple (b) Red, yellow, and blue (c) Red, green, and blue (light) (d) Black, white, and grey
Answer(b) Red, yellow, and blue Traditional colour theory (pigment/RYB): primary = Red, Yellow, Blue; cannot be made by mixing. Secondary = Orange (R+Y), Green (Y+B), Violet (B+R). Tertiary: primary + adjacent secondary. Light (additive): RGB (Red, Green, Blue). Warm colours: R, O, Y — energetic, advancing. Cool: B, G, V — calming, receding.
4. Warp yarns in a woven fabric run: (a) Crosswise (horizontally) (b) Lengthwise (parallel to selvage) (c) Diagonally (d) In loops
Answer(b) Lengthwise (parallel to selvage) Warp: yarns set up lengthwise on loom; parallel to selvage (finished edge). Weft (filling): interlaced crosswise through warp. Warp yarns are stronger and more tightly twisted (must withstand tension during weaving). Grain line in pattern making: parallel to warp for maximum stability.
5. The standard seam allowance used in garment construction is: (a) 0.5 cm (b) 1-1.5 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 5 cm
Answer(b) 1-1.5 cm Seam allowance: distance between stitching line (seam line) and raw cut edge. Standard: 1.5 cm in home sewing; 1 cm in industrial production. Provides: room for stitching without fraying, allows alterations, ensures seam lies flat. Always add seam allowance to pattern pieces before cutting fabric.
6. Twill weave is characterised by: (a) Plain over-under interlacing (b) Diagonal ridges or lines (c) Floating yarns creating lustre (d) Loops of yarn
Answer(b) Diagonal ridges or lines Twill weave: weft passes over 2-3 warp yarns, creating diagonal twill lines. Strong weave; heavier than plain. Examples: denim (jeans), gabardine, drill, khaki, serge. Plain weave (taffeta, muslin): simplest; most warp-weft intersections → firmest; least drapability. Satin weave: 4-8 float yarns; lustrous surface; smooth but delicate.
7. The colour that creates an illusion of reduced width (slimming effect) is: (a) White (b) Yellow (c) Dark/cool colours (navy, black) (d) Bright colours
Answer(c) Dark/cool colours (navy, black) Colour and proportion: dark colours recede (appear smaller) → slimming. Light colours advance (appear larger). Vertical lines/dark colours → taller, slimmer. Horizontal lines/light colours → broader. Principle used in dress design to flatter different body types.
II. Short Answer Questions
Q1. What are the principles of design in dress designing? Explain with examples.
Answer
Principles of design guide how elements are combined:
1. Balance: Visual equilibrium.
- Symmetrical (formal): both sides mirror image. Example: button-down shirt with symmetrical placket.
- Asymmetrical (casual/modern): different but visually equal. Example: one-shoulder gown.
- Radial: design radiates from central point. Example: pleated skirt.
2. Proportion: Size relationship of parts to whole and to each other. Example: wide-leg trousers suit taller figures; slim cuts for petite.
3. Harmony: All design elements work together; nothing looks out of place. Example: matching accessories, consistent colour palette.
4. Emphasis (Centre of interest): Focal point draws the eye. Example: contrasting collar, statement buttons, embroidered neckline.
5. Rhythm: Repetition creates movement. Example: repeated stripes, pleats, buttons, printed pattern.
6. Unity: All parts create one cohesive look. Colour, texture, line all reinforce each other.
Q2. Describe the steps in garment construction (from fabric to finished garment).
Answer
Steps in garment construction:
1. Taking measurements: Measure the wearer (chest, waist, hip, length). For custom garments; use tape measure.
2. Pattern selection/drafting: Select commercial pattern OR draft pattern from measurements using drafting tools (L-square, French curve, ruler).
3. Fabric selection: Choose appropriate fabric (weight, drape, print) for the design and purpose.
4. Preparing fabric: Pre-wash fabric to remove sizing and allow shrinkage; press. Cut fabric on straight grain.
5. Cutting: Pin pattern pieces to fabric; cut along cutting lines (outside seam allowance). Transfer markings (notches, darts, pocket marks) to fabric.
6. Sewing sequence:
- Stitch darts; press.
- Join main seams (shoulders, side seams).
- Set in sleeves; attach collar.
- Attach waistband or facing.
- Add zipper or fasteners.
- Hem the garment.
7. Finishing: Press all seams; finish raw edges (overlock/zigzag). Check fit; make adjustments.
8. Final pressing: Press entire garment for professional finish.
Exam Checklist
- Cotton: absorbent, breathable (summer). Silk: lustrous (Bombyx mori cocoon). Wool: warm (sheep).
- Primary colours (RYB): Red, Yellow, Blue. Secondary: Orange, Green, Violet.
- Warp: lengthwise (parallel to selvage). Weft: crosswise.
- Plain weave: simplest over-under. Twill: diagonal lines (denim). Satin: floats, lustrous.
- Seam allowance: 1-1.5 cm standard.
- Dark colours: slimming (recede). Light colours: widening (advance).
- Vertical lines: taller/slimmer. Horizontal: wider.
- Principles: Balance, Proportion, Harmony, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity.
