Class 11 Communicative English — Exercise Solutions
Key Concepts Quick Recap
| Grammar Point | Key Rule | Example |
|---|
| Active → Passive | Object + be + PP + by Subject | He broke the window → The window was broken by him |
| Direct → Reported | Tense shifts back; pronouns change; reporting verb + that | She said, "I am happy" → She said that she was happy |
| Conditional Type 1 | If + Simple Present, will + V1 | If it rains, we will stay indoors |
| Conditional Type 2 | If + Past Simple, would + V1 | If I had money, I would travel |
| Article 'a' | Before consonant sound | a book, a university |
| Article 'an' | Before vowel sound | an apple, an hour |
I. Choose the Best Answer (MCQs)
1. Identify the correct passive form of: "They are building a new school." (a) A new school has been built by them (b) A new school is being built by them (c) A new school was being built by them (d) A new school will be built by them
Answer(b) A new school is being built by them Active: Subject + am/is/are + V-ing + Object → Passive: Object + am/is/are + being + PP. "They are building" (Present Continuous Active) → "A new school is being built by them."
2. Change to reported speech: He said, "I will come tomorrow." (a) He said that he will come tomorrow (b) He said that he would come the next day (c) He said that he came the next day (d) He said that he would come tomorrow
Answer(b) He said that he would come the next day Reported speech rules: 1. 'will' → 'would'. 2. 'tomorrow' → 'the next day'. 3. Pronoun 'I' → 'he' (based on speaker). 4. Tense shifts back: Simple Present → Past; Simple Past → Past Perfect; will → would; can → could.
3. Which type of conditional is: "If I were rich, I would buy a car"? (a) Zero conditional (b) Type 1 (c) Type 2 (d) Type 3
Answer(c) Type 2 Type 2: hypothetical/unreal present or future situations. Structure: If + Past Simple (were/had), would/could/might + V1. "Were" is used for all persons in conditionals (not "was"). Example reflects unlikely or imaginary situation.
4. Choose the correct article: "She is _____ honest woman." (a) a (b) an (c) the (d) No article
Answer(b) an Rule: 'an' before words beginning with a vowel SOUND (not letter). 'Honest' starts with silent 'h' → first sound is vowel /ɒ/ → use 'an'. Similarly: 'an hour', 'an honour'. 'University' starts with /j/ sound → 'a university'.
5. The formal letter format begins with: (a) Receiver's name and address (b) Sender's name and address (c) Subject line (d) Salutation
Answer(b) Sender's name and address Formal letter format (in order): 1. Sender's name and address (top left/right). 2. Date. 3. Receiver's name, designation, and address. 4. Subject (Re:). 5. Salutation (Dear Sir/Madam). 6. Body (Paragraphs). 7. Complimentary close (Yours faithfully/sincerely). 8. Sender's signature and name.
6. "Although he was tired, he continued working." This sentence shows: (a) Cause and effect (b) Contrast (concession) (c) Condition (d) Time sequence
Answer(b) Contrast (concession) Conjunctions of contrast/concession: although, though, even though, despite, in spite of. 'Although' introduces a subordinate clause that contrasts with the main clause. Cause: because, since. Condition: if, unless. Time: when, while, after.
7. Identify the word with correct spelling: (a) Accomodation (b) Acommodation (c) Accommodation (d) Accomadation
Answer(c) Accommodation Accommodation: double 'c' and double 'm'. Common misspelling. Other frequently misspelled: committee (double m, double t, double e), necessary (1 c, 2 s), definitely (not definitly), occurrence (double c, double r).
II. Short Answer Questions
Q1. Explain the rules for reported speech with examples.
Answer
Reported (indirect) speech: reporting what someone said without using their exact words.
Key changes:
1. Tense shifts back (if reporting verb is past):
- Simple Present → Simple Past: "I eat rice" → He said he ate rice.
- Simple Past → Past Perfect: "I ate" → He said he had eaten.
- Present Perfect → Past Perfect: "I have finished" → He said he had finished.
- will → would; can → could; may → might; must → had to.
2. Pronoun changes: based on speaker and listener. "I" (speaker) → he/she/they. "You" (listener) → I/we/he/she.
3. Time and place expressions: now → then; today → that day; yesterday → the day before; tomorrow → the next day; here → there; this → that; these → those.
4. Question reporting: Yes/No question: "Are you tired?" → He asked if/whether she was tired. Wh-question: "Where do you live?" → He asked where she lived.
5. Command/request reporting: "Close the door." → He told/ordered her to close the door. "Please help me." → He requested her to help him.
Q2. How do you write a formal letter? Describe the structure.
Answer
Formal letters are used for official communication. Structure:
1. Sender's address: Top right (or top left) — house number, street, city, state, pin code.
2. Date: Below sender's address — 18th June 2026 (or 18/06/2026).
3. Receiver's address: Left side — name, designation, organisation, address.
4. Subject: Re: [Brief title of letter]. Makes purpose immediately clear.
5. Salutation: Dear Sir/Madam (if name unknown); Dear Mr./Ms. [Surname] (if name known).
6. Body:
Answer
- Paragraph 1: State the purpose.
- Paragraph 2: Details and explanation.
- Paragraph 3: Request/action required.
7. Complimentary Close:
Answer
- "Yours faithfully" (if salutation was Dear Sir/Madam — no name used).
- "Yours sincerely" (if salutation used the person's name).
8. Signature, Name (printed), Designation.
Exam Checklist
- Active → Passive: Object + be-verb + PP (by + Subject).
- Reported speech: tense shifts back; pronouns change; time expressions change.
- Type 1 conditional: If + Simple Present, will + V1 (real/possible).
- Type 2 conditional: If + Past Simple (were), would + V1 (unreal).
- 'an' before vowel SOUNDS (an hour, an honest, an umbrella).
- Formal letter: Sender's address → Date → Receiver's address → Subject → Salutation → Body → Close → Signature.
- 'Yours faithfully': Dear Sir/Madam. 'Yours sincerely': Dear Mr./Ms. [Name].
