Chapter 14 — Transportation in Plants and Circulation in Animals: Multiple Choice Questions
1. The fluid part of blood is called ______.
Answer
(a) Haemoglobin (b) Serum (c) Plasma (d) Lymph
✅ Answer: (c) Plasma
ExplanationBlood plasma is the yellowish liquid portion (~55% of blood volume). It contains water (90%), proteins (fibrinogen, albumin, globulins), glucose, ions, hormones, and waste products. Plasma without clotting factors = serum.
2. The blood cells that carry oxygen are ______.
Answer
(a) White blood cells (b) Platelets (c) Red blood cells (d) Lymphocytes
✅ Answer: (c) Red blood cells
ExplanationRed blood cells (RBCs/erythrocytes) contain haemoglobin, which binds oxygen (O₂) in lungs and releases it in body tissues. RBCs are biconcave, lack a nucleus in humans, and live ~120 days. WBCs fight infection; platelets help clot blood.
3. The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body is ______.
Answer
(a) Right atrium (b) Right ventricle (c) Left atrium (d) Left ventricle
✅ Answer: (d) Left ventricle
ExplanationBlood flow through the heart:
- Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs (pulmonary circulation) → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Body (systemic circulation)
- The left ventricle has the thickest walls (pumps against high pressure to the entire body)
4. The process of water and mineral transport from root to leaves is called ______.
Answer
(a) Translocation (b) Transpiration (c) Ascent of sap (d) Osmosis
✅ Answer: (c) Ascent of sap
ExplanationAscent of sap is the upward movement of water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves through xylem. The driving force is the transpiration pull (cohesion-tension theory) — evaporation of water from leaves creates negative pressure that pulls water up.
5. The ABO blood group system was discovered by ______.
Answer
(a) William Harvey (b) Karl Landsteiner (c) Alexander Fleming (d) Louis Pasteur
✅ Answer: (b) Karl Landsteiner
ExplanationKarl Landsteiner (Nobel Prize 1930) discovered the ABO blood group system in 1901. He also identified Rh factor (1937). Understanding blood groups was crucial for safe blood transfusions. William Harvey discovered blood circulation (1628).
6. The universal blood donor has blood group ______.
Answer
(a) A (b) B (c) AB (d) O
✅ Answer: (d) O
Explanation
- Blood group O (–ve): Universal donor — can donate to all blood groups (O does not have A or B antigens that would trigger immune reaction)
- Blood group AB (+ve): Universal recipient — can receive from all blood groups
Note: In practice, exact blood group matching is preferred.
7. Blood pressure is measured using a ______.
Answer
(a) Thermometer (b) Sphygmomanometer (c) Stethoscope (d) ECG
✅ Answer: (b) Sphygmomanometer
ExplanationSphygmomanometer measures blood pressure (systolic/diastolic). Normal BP: 120/80 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). Stethoscope listens to heart/lung sounds. ECG records electrical activity of the heart. Thermometer measures temperature.
8. Pulmonary veins carry ______ blood.
Answer
(a) Deoxygenated (b) Mixed (c) Oxygenated (d) Only CO₂
✅ Answer: (c) Oxygenated
ExplanationPulmonary veins are unique — they carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. This is the exception to the rule: usually veins carry deoxygenated blood. Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs — also an exception.
9. The protein in red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport is ______.
Answer
(a) Actin (b) Myoglobin (c) Haemoglobin (d) Albumin
✅ Answer: (c) Haemoglobin
ExplanationHaemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in RBCs. It binds oxygen in the lungs (forms oxyhaemoglobin) and releases it in body tissues. Each haemoglobin molecule can carry 4 O₂ molecules. Iron deficiency → anaemia (low haemoglobin).
10. The conducting vessels in the xylem are ______.
Answer
(a) Sieve tubes (b) Companion cells (c) Tracheids and vessels (d) Phloem fibres
✅ Answer: (c) Tracheids and vessels
ExplanationXylem is made of: Tracheids (elongated dead cells with pits), Vessels (wider, more efficient, connected end-to-end in continuous tubes), Xylem fibres, and Xylem parenchyma. Sieve tubes and companion cells are components of phloem.
Quick Revision
| Component | Function |
|---|
| RBC | O₂ transport (haemoglobin) |
| WBC | Immunity, fight infection |
| Platelets | Blood clotting |
| Plasma | Transport of nutrients, hormones, waste |
| Left ventricle | Pumps blood to body (systemic) |
| Right ventricle | Pumps blood to lungs (pulmonary) |
| Xylem | Water/mineral transport (ascent of sap) |
| Phloem | Food transport (translocation) |
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